数据源：

    let adreeJson = [{        cat_id: 1,        cat_name: '大家电',        cat_pid: 0,        cat_level: 0,        cat_deleted: false,        children: [            {                cat_id: 3,                cat_name: '电视',                cat_pid: 1,                cat_level: 1,                cat_deleted: false,                children: [{                    cat_id: 6,                    cat_name: '曲面电视',                    cat_pid: 3,                    cat_level: 2,                    cat_deleted: false,                }]            },            {                cat_id: 5,
                cat_pid: 1,
                cat_level: 1,
                cat_deleted: false,
                children: [{
                    cat_id: 8,
                    cat_name: '壁挂空调',
                    cat_pid: 5,
                    cat_level: 2,
                    cat_deleted: false,
                }]
            }
        ]
    }]

方法一：

    // 根据子id找父id,返回值不包含查找的id
    function findParentsId(treeData, id) {
        if (treeData.length == 0) return
        for (let i = 0; i < treeData.length; i++) {
            if (treeData[i].cat_id == id) {
                return []
            } else {
                if (treeData[i].children) {
                    let res = findParentsId(treeData[i].children, id)
                    if (res !== undefined) {
                        return res.concat(treeData[i].cat_id).reverse()
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    function orgChildIdFindParent(childId, orgList) {
        const result = findParentsId(orgList, childId).concat(childId)
        return result || []
    }
    // 使用
    let _arryDt = orgChildIdFindParent(6, adreeJson)
    console.log(_arryDt)

方法二：

    function doMatch(treeData, key) {
        let arr = [];
        let returnArr = [];
        let depth = 0;
        function childrenEach(childrenData, depthN) {
            for (let j = 0; j < childrenData.length; j++) {
                depth = depthN;
                arr[depthN] = childrenData[j].cat_id;
                if (childrenData[j].cat_id == key) {
                    returnArr = arr.slice(0, depthN + 1);
                    break;
                } else {
                    if (childrenData[j].children) {
                        depth++;
                        childrenEach(childrenData[j].children, depth);
                    }
                }
            }
            return returnArr;
        }
        return childrenEach(treeData, depth);
    }
    let arr = doMatch(adreeJson, 8);//Arr是后台返回的整个数组 id是获取当前节点的id
    console.log(arr)//获取包括当前节点和所有父节点的id

方法三：

可以自定义取父级的key值

    /**
     * 显示层级数据
     * @param tree {Array} 树数据
     * @param func {Function} 回调函数
     * @param field {String} 字段名称
     * @param path {Array} 路径数据
     * @returns {*[]|[]|*}
     */
    function treeFindPath(tree, func, field = "", path = []) {
        if (!tree) return []
        for (const data of tree) {
            field === "" ? path.push(data) : path.push(data[field]);
            if (func(data)) return path
            if (data.children) {
                const findChildren = treeFindPath(data.children, func, field, path)
                if (findChildren.length) return findChildren
            }
            path.pop()
        }
        return []
    }
    let arr = treeFindPath(adreeJson, data => data.cat_id === 6, "cat_id");
    let _nameArr=treeFindPath(adreeJson, data => data.cat_id === 6, "cat_name");
    console.log(arr);
    console.log(_nameArr);

参考：JS树形结构数据，根据子节点数据获取所有父节点数据

方法四：

可以获取父级节点的数据

function findIdList(list, id, children = 'children', level = 0) {
    var arrRes = [];
    let obj = {
        cat_id: 0,
        [children]: list
    }
    let rev = (data, id, level) => {
        if (!data || !data[children] || !data[children].length) {
            return;
        }
        for (var i = 0; i < data[children].length; i++) {
            let item = data[children][i];
            if (item.cat_id == id) {
                let _obj = {
                    ...item
                }
                delete _obj.children
                arrRes.unshift({
                    level,
                    ..._obj
                });
                // arrRes.unshift({
                //     level,
                //     cat_id: item.cat_id,
                //     cat_name: item.cat_name,
                //     cat_pid: item.cat_pid,
                //     cat_level: item.cat_level,
                //     cat_deleted: item.cat_deleted,
                // });
                // 递归它的父级
                rev(obj, data.cat_id, 0);
                break;
            } else if (item[children] && item[children].length > 0) {
                //如果有子集，则把子集作为参数重新执行本方法
                rev(item, id, level + 1);
            }
        }
    };
    rev(obj, id, level);
    return arrRes;
}

let pDt = findIdList(adreeJson, 6);
console.log(pDt)