selenium等待元素加载

# 程序执行速度很快---》获取标签---》标签还没加载好---》直接去拿会报错

# 显示等待:当你要找一个标签的时候,给它单独加等待时间

# 隐士等待:只要写一行,代码中查找标签,如果标签没加载好,会自动等待
	bro.implicitly_wait(10)

selenium元素操作

# 输入框输入内容,删除内容
	先获取输入框对象tag
	tag.send_keys(写文字)
    tag.clear()
# 按钮点击
	tag.click

selenium执行js

#1  其实再页面中,可能有些变量,全局的,直接可以把变量打印出来
#2 js操作页面

from selenium import webdriver
import time
bro = webdriver.Chrome()
bro.get('https://www.pearvideo.com/')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)

# bro.execute_script('alert(urlMap.loginUrl);')
# 获取当前页面cookie
# bro.execute_script('alert(document.cookie)')
# bro.execute_script('alert(window.location)')


bro.execute_script('scrollTo(0,document.documentElement.scrollHeight)')
# 可以干的事
# 	  -获取当前访问的地址  window.location
#     -打开新的标签
#     -滑动屏幕--》bro.execute_script('scrollTo(0,document.documentElement.scrollHeight)')
#     -获取cookie,获取定义的全局变量

time.sleep(5)
bro.close() # 关闭选项卡
bro.quit()  # 关闭页面

selenium切换选项卡

from selenium import webdriver
import time
bro = webdriver.Chrome()
bro.get('https://www.pearvideo.com/')
bro.implicitly_wait(5)
print(bro.window_handles)
# 开启选项卡
bro.execute_script('window.open()')

# 切换到某个选项卡
bro.switch_to.window(bro.window_handles[1])
bro.get('http://www.taobao.com')
time.sleep(3)

# 切换到某个选项卡
bro.switch_to.window(bro.window_handles[0])
bro.get('http://www.baidu.com')
time.sleep(3)

bro.close()
bro.quit()

selenium前进后退

bro.back()  # 后退
bro.forward()  # 前进

selenium登录cnblogs

# 1 打开cnblogs,点进登录页面,输入用户名密码,点登录(可能会出现验证码)--》手动操作

# 2 登录成功后----》拿到cookie---》保存到本地---》关闭浏览器

# 3 开启selenium,打开浏览器---》把本地的cookie写入到当前浏览器中----》当前浏览器就是登录状态
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
import json

'''先登录'''
# bro = webdriver.Chrome()
# bro.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/')
# bro.implicitly_wait(5)
# bro.maximize_window()
# login_btn = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#navbar_login_status > a:nth-child(7)')
# login_btn.click()
# username = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#mat-input-0')
# password = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#mat-input-1')
# username.send_keys('1535114884@qq.com')
# password.send_keys('')
# login_button = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'body > app-root > app-sign-in-layout > div > div > app-sign-in > app-content-container > div > div > div > form > div > button > span.mat-button-wrapper')
# login_button.click()
#
# # 有可能出现验证码
# input('')  # 手动操作验证码,操作完后,敲回车程序继续执行
# time.sleep(2)  # 登录成功了,有cookie了
# cookies = bro.get_cookies()
# with open('cnblogs.json','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
#     json.dump(cookies,f)
#
# time.sleep(2)
# bro.close()


'''再次打开'''
bro = webdriver.Chrome()
bro.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/')
bro.implicitly_wait(5)
bro.maximize_window()
time.sleep(3)
# 本地的cookie池中取出cookie
with open('./cnblogs.json','r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    cookies = json.load(f)
for item in cookies:  # 存起来的是列表套字典,add_cookie是add字典
    bro.add_cookie(item)

bro.refresh()  # 刷新页面
time.sleep(3)
bro.close()

抽屉半自动点赞

import time
import json
import requests

'''使用selenium登录上去,手动处理验证码'''
# from selenium import webdriver
# from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
#
# bro = webdriver.Chrome()
# bro.get('https://dig.chouti.com/')
# bro.implicitly_wait(5)
# bro.maximize_window()
#
# login_btn = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#login_btn')
# login_btn.click()
# # 使用js点击
# # bro.execute_script('arguments[0].click()',login_btn)
# time.sleep(2)
#
# phone = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'body > div.login-dialog.dialog.animated2.scaleIn > div > div.login-body > div.form-item.login-item.clearfix.phone-item.mt24 > div.input-item.input-item-short.left.clearfix > input')
# password = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'body > div.login-dialog.dialog.animated2.scaleIn > div > div.login-footer > div.form-item.login-item.clearfix.mt24 > div > input.input.pwd-input.pwd-input-active.pwd-password-input')
# login_submit = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'body > div.login-dialog.dialog.animated2.scaleIn > div > div.login-footer > div:nth-child(4) > button')
# phone.send_keys('')
# password.send_keys('')
# time.sleep(2)
# login_submit.click()
#
# # 可能会出验证码,手动操作
# input('你好了吗')
# time.sleep(2)
# cookies = bro.get_cookies()
# with open('chouti.json','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
#     json.dump(cookies,f)
#
# time.sleep(2)
# bro.close()


'''拿10个需要点赞的新闻'''
header = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
}
# 打开读出cookie
with open('./chouti.json','r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
    cookies = json.load(f)
# 把selenium拿到的cookie组装成requests能用的cookie
real_cookie = {}
for item in cookies:
    real_cookie[item['name']] = item['value']

res = requests.get('https://dig.chouti.com/top/24hr?_=1689068697936',headers=header).json()
# print(res)
for item in res.get('data'):
    link_id = item.get('id')
    data = {
        'linkId':link_id
    }
    res = requests.post('https://dig.chouti.com/link/vote',headers=header,data=data,cookies=real_cookie)
    print(res.text)

xpath使用

# 页面中定位元素(标签),两种通用方式
	-css选择器
    -xpath:XPath即为XML路径语言(XML Path Language),它是一种用来确定XML文档中某部分位置的语言
    
# xpath语法
    div	选取div标签
    /	从根节点选取,只在当前标签往下一个
    //	从匹配选择的当前节点选择文档中的节点,不考虑位置,全局找
    .	选取当前节点。
    ..	选取当前节点的父节点。
    @	选取属性
doc = '''
<html>
 <head>
  <base href='http://example.com/' />
  <title>Example website</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <div id='images'>
   <a href='image1.html' id='xxx'>Name: My image 1 <br /><img src='image1_thumb.jpg' /></a>
   <a href='image2.html'>Name: My image 2 <br /><img src='image2_thumb.jpg' /></a>
   <a href='image3.html'>Name: My image 3 <br /><img src='image3_thumb.jpg' /></a>
   <a href='image4.html'>Name: My image 4 <br /><img src='image4_thumb.jpg' /></a>
   <a href='image5.html' class='li li-item' name='items'>Name: My image 5 <br /><img src='image5_thumb.jpg' /></a>
   <a href='image6.html' name='items'><span><h5>test</h5></span>Name: My image 6 <br /><img src='image6_thumb.jpg' /></a>
  </div>
 </body>
</html>
'''
from lxml import etree

html = etree.HTML(doc)
# html=etree.parse('search.html',etree.HTMLParser())
# 1 所有节点
# a=html.xpath('//*')
# 2 指定节点(结果为列表)
# a=html.xpath('//head')
# 3 子节点,子孙节点
# a=html.xpath('//div/a')
# a=html.xpath('//body/a') #无数据
# a=html.xpath('//body//a')
# 4 父节点
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]/..')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[1]/..')
# 也可以这样
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[1]/parent::*')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[1]/parent::div')
# 5 属性匹配
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]')

# 6 文本获取     /text()
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]/text()')

# 7 属性获取     @属性名
# a=html.xpath('//body//a/@href')
# # 注意从1 开始取(不是从0)
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[1]/@href')

# 8 属性多值匹配
#  a 标签有多个class类,直接匹配就不可以了,需要用contains
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[@class="li"]')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]/text()')
# 9 多属性匹配
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li") or @name="items"]')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li") and @name="items"]/text()')
# a=html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]/text()')
# 10 按序选择
# a=html.xpath('//a[2]/text()')
# a=html.xpath('//a[2]/@href')
# 取最后一个
# a=html.xpath('//a[last()]/@href')
# a=html.xpath('//a[last()-1]/@href') # 倒数第二个
# 位置小于3的
# a = html.xpath('//a[position()<3]/@href')

# 倒数第三个
# a=html.xpath('//a[last()-2]/@href')
# 11 节点轴选择
# ancestor:祖先节点
# 使用了* 获取所有祖先节点
# a=html.xpath('//a/ancestor::*')
# # 获取祖先节点中的div
# a=html.xpath('//a/ancestor::div')
# attribute:属性值
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/attribute::*')
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/attribute::href')

# child:直接子节点
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/child::*')
# descendant:所有子孙节点
# a=html.xpath('//a[6]/descendant::*')
# following:当前节点之后所有节点
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following::*')
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following::*[1]/@href')
# following-sibling:当前节点之后同级节点
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*')
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::a')
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*[2]')
# a=html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*[2]/@href')

# print(a)

"""
需要记忆:
	/
    //
    .
    ..
    取文本  /text()
    取属性  /@属性名
    根据属性过滤  [@属性名=属性值]
    class 特殊 需要使用contains [contains(@class,"li")]
"""

动作链

# 模拟鼠标点住,拖动的效果,实现滑块认证

# 两种形式
	形式一:
    	actions=ActionChains(bro) #拿到动作链对象
        actions.drag_and_drop(sourse,target) #把动作放到动作链中,准备串行执行
        actions.perform()
    形式二:
        ActionChains(bro).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()
    	distance=target.location['x']-sourse.location['x']
        track=0
        while track < distance:
            ActionChains(bro).move_by_offset(xoffset=2,yoffset=0).perform()
            track+=2
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait  # 等待页面加载某些元素
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
driver.implicitly_wait(3)
driver.maximize_window()

try:
    driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')  ##切换到iframeResult
    sourse = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'draggable')
    target = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'droppable')

    # 方式一:基于同一个动作链串行执行
    # actions = ActionChains(driver)  #拿到动作链对象
    # actions.drag_and_drop(sourse,target)  # 把动作放到动作链中,准备串行执行
    # actions.perform()
    # time.sleep(10)

    # 方式二:不同的动作链,每次移动的位移都不同
    ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()
    distance = target.location['x'] - sourse.location['x']
    track = 0
    while track < distance:
        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=4, yoffset=0).perform()
        track += 4
    ActionChains(driver).release().perform()  # 释放鼠标按钮并执行之前定义的操作链
    # release()方法表示释放当前按下的鼠标按钮(如果有)。这通常与鼠标悬停、点击或拖放等操作结合使用
    # perform()方法用于执行之前定义的操作链
    time.sleep(5)
finally:
    driver.close()

自动登录12306

import time
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

# 12306检测到用了自动化测试软件
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled")  # 去掉自动化控制
bro = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
bro.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
bro.implicitly_wait(5)
bro.maximize_window()

user_login = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#toolbar_Div > div.login-panel > div.login-box > ul > li.login-hd-code.active > a')
user_login.click()
time.sleep(1)

username = bro.find_element(By.ID,'J-userName')
password = bro.find_element(By.ID,'J-password')
login_btn = bro.find_element(By.ID,'J-login')

username.send_keys('')
password.send_keys('')
time.sleep(3)
login_btn.click()
time.sleep(3)

# 找到滑块
span = bro.find_element(By.ID,'nc_1_n1z')
ActionChains(bro).click_and_hold(span).perform()
ActionChains(bro).move_by_offset(xoffset=300, yoffset=0).perform()
ActionChains(bro).release().perform()
time.sleep(5)

bro.close()

打码平台

# 以后会遇到验证码-
	-简单的数字字母
    -高级一些的,计算题,成语
    -选中图中的  公交车
    。。。
    
# 第三方解决方法:打码平台---》你验证码图片传给它,它给你破解,回给你,花钱

打码平台自动登录

import time

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from chaojiying import ChaojiyingClient
from PIL import Image
bro = webdriver.Chrome()
bro.get('http://www.chaojiying.com/apiuser/login/')
bro.implicitly_wait(5)
bro.maximize_window()
try:
    username = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[1]/input')
    password = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[2]/input')
    code = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[3]/input')
    btn = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[4]/input')
    username.send_keys('')
    password.send_keys('')

    # 获取验证码:
    # 1 整个页面截图
    bro.save_screenshot('main.png')
    # 2 使用pillow,从整个页面中截取出验证码图片 code.png
    img = bro.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/div/img')
    location = img.location
    size = img.size
    print(location)
    print(size)
    # 使用pillow扣除大图中的验证码
    # 使用pillow扣除大图中的验证码
    img_tu = (
    int(location['x']), int(location['y']), int(location['x'] + size['width']), int(location['y'] + size['height']))
    # # 抠出验证码
    # #打开
    img = Image.open('./main.png')
    # 抠图
    fram = img.crop(img_tu)
    # 截出来的小图
    fram.save('code.png')

    chaojiying = ChaojiyingClient('3053345678','lqz123','950575') ##用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001
    im = open('code.png','rb').read()
    print(chaojiying.PostPic(im,1902))  # 1902 验证码类型  官方网站>>价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()
    res_code = chaojiying.PostPic(im,1902)['pic_str']
    code.send_keys(res_code)
    time.sleep(5)
    btn.click()
    time.sleep(5)
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

finally:
    bro.close()